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A Public Limited Company (PLC) is a type of company that can offer its shares to the general public and is listed or can be listed on a stock exchange. It is governed by the Companies Act, 2013 in India. A Public Limited Company is a company that has limited liability, a separate legal identity, and can raise capital by issuing shares to the public through an IPO or public offer.
It is suitable for large-scale businesses that want to raise funds from the public and grow at a national or international level.
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Minimum Members | 7 shareholders and 3 directors |
| Maximum Members | No upper limit on shareholders |
| Limited Liability | Shareholders are liable only up to their shareholding |
| Separate Legal Entity | Can own property, sue or be sued independently |
| Perpetual Succession | Continues to exist despite change in ownership or directors |
| Public Fundraising | Can raise funds from the public by issuing shares |
| Stock Exchange Listing | May be listed on BSE/NSE to trade shares publicly |
| Regulated by | Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) & Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) if listed |
| Advantage | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Access to Public Capital | Can raise large amounts of capital from public investors |
| Limited Liability | Owners’ personal assets are not at risk |
| Enhanced Credibility | Regulatory scrutiny and transparency improve trust |
| Transferability of Shares | Shares can be freely traded if listed |
| Growth Potential | Easier to attract investors, institutional funding, and talent |
| Criteria | Requirement |
|---|---|
| Minimum Capital | Minimum Capital |
| Directors | At least 3 directors (1 must be Indian resident) |
| Shareholders | Minimum 7; no limit on maximum |
| DIN & DSC | Mandatory for all directors |
| Name Suffix | Must end with "Limited" |
A Public Limited Company requires a minimum of 3 directors, 7 shareholders, and has no cap on maximum shareholders. It can raise funds from the public and is suited for larger-scale businesses.